{"id":94,"date":"2026-02-25T12:28:35","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T11:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/?page_id=94"},"modified":"2026-03-03T14:09:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T13:09:20","slug":"sea-level-rise-and-shoreline-position","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/?page_id=94","title":{"rendered":"Sea level rise and shoreline position"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A common approach in coastal geomorphology for assessing the future evolution of littoral systems is to analyse their historical dynamics in order to understand their functioning and infer possible future trajectories (Paskoff, 1998). Within this framework, the evolution of lagoons and shoreline positions between 1857 and 1998 was examined (Fig 1). Over this period, sea level rose by at least 190 mm, based on measurements for 1905\u20131993 (Suanez, Prosper-Laget, and Provansal, 1997). Assuming a linear rate of rise, the total sea-level increase between 1857 and 1998 can be estimated at approximately 296 mm. If shoreline displacement is assumed to depend solely on sea-level rise, such an increase should have produced significant submergence of the Rhone delta plain. However, the 141-year comparison reveals contrasting shoreline responses: east\u2013west oriented beaches retreated by up to 900 m, whereas the Beauduc spit advanced, the Rhone mouth prograded markedly, and the Gracieuse spit developed (Figure 1). These observations show that a sea-level-rise-only framework is insufficient to explain long-term shoreline evolution. In particular, sediment inputs associated with overwash deposits must be considered, as they contribute to vertical and lateral accretion and can offset the effects of rising sea level.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image94_743265-eb .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image94_743265-eb\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1390\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1. Comparaison of ponds extension in 1857 and 1998 (Sabatier et al., 2005)\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-95\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-1-.png 1390w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-1--300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-1--1024x491.png 1024w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-1--768x368.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1390px) 100vw, 1390px\" \/><figcaption>Fig 1. Comparaison of ponds extension in 1857 and 1998 (Sabatier et al., 2005)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the open beaches of Camargue, measured shoreline retreat (before hard engineering works) between 1895 and 1977 averages \u22123.4\u202fm\u202fyr\u207b\u00b9, whereas retreat retreat (based on modified Brunn\u2019s rules) estimated from relative sea-level rise (RSLR) is only \u22120.4\u202fm\u202fyr\u207b\u00b9, indicating that Relative Sea Level Rise (RSLR) accounts for about 8\u202f% of total (Fig 5 and 6). This low contribution highlights the minor role of sea-level rise compared with other factors. Zones of accretion show opposite trends, reflecting the dominant influence of longshore transport and littoral cell distribution. Maximum theoretical retreat from RSLR occurs in the Golfe de Beauduc, yet measured shoreline is advancing, emphasizing the key role of sediment redistribution alongshore. Sandy inputs from the Rh\u00f4ne are largely retained at the river mouth, with minimal contribution to distant beaches. Sediment supply has decreased in the 20th century due to reduced floods and dam construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In eroding areas, sea-level rise enhances retreat, while in accreting zones it limits shoreline advance. Morphodynamic flexibility allows beaches to migrate landward via overwash, increasing delta plain elevation and partially compensating for sea-level rise (Fig 7 and photos) . Hard coastal structures, especially seawalls, block overwash and prevent landward migration, leading to local beach loss, whereas groynes allow some natural sediment dynamics. Overall, longshore sediment transport gradients, limited redistribution of Rh\u00f4ne sands, and sea-level rise together control shoreline evolution, with future challenges focused on climate impacts on sediment supply and transport.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image94_aa69d4-bf .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image94_aa69d4-bf size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-2-5--1024x581.png\" alt=\"Fig 2. Conceptualisation du recul du rivage face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e de la mer (Brunel et Sabatier, 2009)\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-2-5--1024x581.png 1024w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-2-5--300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-2-5--768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-2-5-.png 1233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Fig 2. Conceptualisation du recul du rivage face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e de la mer (Brunel et Sabatier, 2009)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kb-gallery-type-masonry.kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8{margin:-9.5px;}.kb-gallery-type-masonry.kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item{padding:9.5px;}.kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-94_1b03c8-b8 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><ul class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-masonry kb-masonry-init kb-gallery-id-94_1b03c8-b8 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom kb-gallery-filter-none\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-item-selector=\".kadence-blocks-gallery-item\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\" data-columns-xxl=\"2\" data-columns-xl=\"2\" data-columns-md=\"2\" data-columns-sm=\"2\" data-columns-xs=\"1\" data-columns-ss=\"1\"><li class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\" style=\"max-width:530px;\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic\" style=\"padding-bottom:62%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-3-6-.png\" width=\"530\" height=\"332\" alt=\"Fig 3. Sea level rise in Camargue (Sabatier et al., 2009)\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-3-6-.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-3-6-.png\" data-id=\"99\" class=\"wp-image-99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-3-6-.png 530w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-3-6--300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fig 3. Sea level rise in Camargue (Sabatier et al., 2009)<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\" style=\"max-width:974px;\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic\" style=\"padding-bottom:35%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7-.png\" width=\"974\" height=\"345\" alt=\"Fig 4a. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#039;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7-.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7-.png\" data-id=\"100\" class=\"wp-image-100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7-.png 974w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7--300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4a-7--768x272.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 974px) 100vw, 974px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fig 4a. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#8217;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\" style=\"max-width:1024px;\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic\" style=\"padding-bottom:46%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7--1024x472.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"472\" alt=\"Fig 4b. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#039;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7-.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7-.png\" data-id=\"101\" class=\"wp-image-101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7--1024x472.png 1024w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7--300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7--768x354.png 768w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4b-7-.png 1390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fig 4b. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#8217;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\" style=\"max-width:1024px;\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic\" style=\"padding-bottom:29%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7--1024x301.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"301\" alt=\"Fig 4b. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#039;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7-.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7-.png\" data-id=\"102\" class=\"wp-image-102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7--1024x301.png 1024w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7--300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7--768x226.png 768w, https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sea-level-rise-FIG-4c-7-.png 1390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fig 4b. D\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&#8217;overwash en Camargue apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate centennale de d\u00e9cembre 1997 (Sabatier et al., 2005)<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<header class=\"wp-block-kadence-header147-cpt-id wp-block-kadence-header\" role=\"banner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-desktop kb-header-container\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row94_b72b19-93{--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row94_b72b19-93 .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row94_b72b19-93 .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );}<\/style>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row94_7933b7-97{--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row94_7933b7-97 .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row94_7933b7-97 .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem 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.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn94_092549-df.kb-button:focus{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn94_092549-df kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/traceclimate.cerege.fr\/?page_id=104\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Connecting river \u2013 shoreface \u2013 shelf<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A common approach in coastal geomorphology 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